However, during the following season (Deyr ‘10/11), there were clear signs of a worsening food security situation as flagged in the FSNAU and FEWSNET early warning system, in most livelihoods of Somalia 2. The number of the urban population facing acute food insecurity also significantly decreased during this period due to reduced inflation, increased wages and overall improved food production in the country. This was attributable to an exceptional Gu seasonal performance across most of the agricultural livelihoods, as well as improved livestock production in the country. In Gu (April-June) 2010, the food security situation improved in most of rural Somalia, leading to a reduction in number of people facing acute food insecurity (see Box 1 for livelihoods system overview). South and Central zones of Somalia are the epicentre of the current anarchy in Somalia, which has impacted negatively on lives, livelihoods and access to humanitarian support. The rest of the country is what is currently referred to as South and Central Somalia and is currently governed by the Transition Federal Government with the administrative capital in Mogadishu. Puntland is, in general, politically and socially stable but with sporadic incidents of insecurity. Puntland, in the northeastern zone of Somalia has, since mid-1998, been referred to as the Puntland State of Somalia and has an estimated population of two million people which include 140,000 internally displaced people (IDPs) from parts of South and Central zone. Somaliland, in the northwest, has remained relatively stable since its unilateral declaration of independence in 1991 with functioning institutions and a peaceful transfer of power via democratic elections in 2010. The three major political zones are Somaliland, Puntland and South and Central Somalia. The opposing clans unfortunately failed to agree on a replacement and plunged the country into lawlessness and clan warfare, with disintegration of the country along clan lines and smaller political regions. Somalia has been without an effective central government since President Siad Barre was overthrown in 1991 following a protracted civil war by opposing clans. This was not a sudden onset crisis and this article describes the role and key findings of the early warning system leading up to that declaration. The analysis indicated convergence of key evidence on famine outlined in the Global Integrated Phase Classification of food insecurity (IPC) 1. In July and August 2011, the United Nations declared famine in Southern Somalia based on the food security and nutrition analysis undertaken jointly by UNFAO/FSNAU (Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit) and FEWSNET. They assisted tremendously in assessing the data quality of all the surveys.įinally, thanks to FEWS NET Nairobi and Washington colleagues, UNICEF and WFP Somalia colleagues, Nick Haan, Dan Maxwell, Peter Salama, Mike Golden, Epicentre and Francesco Checchi for their technical support and collaboration during the famine. Special thanks to Oleg Biluka, Leisel Talley and Curtis Blanton from CDC for their invaluable input and technical guidance on each and every nutrition survey conducted during the famine period. The authors would like to acknowledge the following people for valuable insights and edits: Grainne Moloney, Anne Bush, Tamara Nanitashvili, Jackline Adero and the FSNAU nutrition analysts who collected the data during this very difficult time. The authors constitute the FSNAU nutrition situation analysis team. 2011 famine in South Somalia: the role of the early warning information Systemīy Abukar Yusuf Nur – Nutrition Analyst, Ahono Busili – Nutrition Team Manager, Elijah Odundo – Nutrition Data Analyst, Joseph Waweru – Nutrition Analyst, Louise Masese – Mwirigi-Nutrition Analyst, Mohamed Borle – Nutrition Analyst and Tom Oguta – Senior Nutrition Analyst
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Creating a fully automated entry product for thousands of users against a subscription fee, with the option of upselling more personalized coaching services. The three common scenarios of utilizing an AI coach are:ġ. However, to leverage this, you need to transform your coaching practice into a service or product. See examples hereĪn AI coach is designed to automate parts of your work, making your services available to anyone, anywhere, and at any time. A good AI coach is designed to automate the engagement of your clients and to ensure follow-up success.Ĭreate your own AI coaching app and white label app. By leveraging AI to automate and scale your work, you can drastically multiply your outreach from a handful of clients each month to thousands of clients at any given time. Just as robots automate certain processes in factories, AI can automate specific tasks in the field of coaching, or on the other side powerful tools as ChatGPT can autocomplete the information and input you provide. However, the truth, as evident today, is that AI serves primarily as automation. The definition of AI varies greatly, with some envisioning it as a mega intelligence, and others describing it as a powerful tool that can perform any task. Establishing your brand in this nascent stage of AI coaching not only allows you to grow with the market but also positions you as a leader in this new era of innovative coaching tools. Instead, it will transform the way we work by enhancing productivity and automating work processes. In the ever-evolving coaching space, being an early adopter of new technologies can provide you with a competitive edge. By leveraging the flexibility and adaptability of AI in your coaching practices, you can ensure that you provide a unique, value-added experience that stands out.Įstablishing Your AI Coaching Brand Early On Your training material, proven methodologies, and tools should take center stage in your original knowledge, content and your brand. While it might be enticing for people to use AI technologies like ChatGPT or generative AI for supporting coaching tasks, it is vital to ensure that these technologies do not dilute the quality and uniqueness of your coaching practices. Consequently, it’s important to understand how to use AI technologies such as AI chats effectively, to create your very own coaching brand.Īvoiding the Trap of ChatGPT and Generative AI By creating their own AI coaching brand, coaches can scale up, increase business, and truly bolster the execution of clients services. This new trajectory in coaching can open up enormous opportunities for coaches. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various sectors is nothing new, yet its assimilation into coaching is a relatively recent development. In the current digital age, innovation takes center stage. You know, the game where a group of friends, family members, or coworkers-it's almost always coworkers-pick names from a hat to see who they have to buy a gift for. Smith, etiquette expert and author at Mannersmith, for expert insight on choosing a white elephant gift.Whether you like it or not, there's a good chance you'll have to do another office secret Santa this year. To write this article, she spent hours researching white elephant gift ideas to make the best possible recommendations. This article was written by Jen Woo, a design, lifestyle, and culture writer and content strategist with over 10 years of experience. After all, a thoughtful gift that’s reflective of your relationship with those at the party will be appreciated by all. “You know the people that are going to be at the party, and you can play to the crowd,” Smith says. If you’re stuck, think about the things you have in common. Not necessarily! In fact, it’s better if you tailor your item to the people who are attending the gift exchange. “You want to be really conscious of different people's budgets when setting that dollar amount.”ĭoes a white elephant gift have to be funny? “You might have an executive director who has lots of available income to be able to spend on a gift for a white elephant exchange versus the support staff who might not have as much disposable income,” Smith says. Be sure to take into consideration everyone’s lifestyles and income range when setting a spending limit for your gift exchange-especially if you’re participating with your office colleagues. There isn’t one set answer to this question as it will depend on the guidelines of your gift exchange and who else is invited. How much money should you spend on a white elephant gift? Since there are so many different ways to play, Smith says that “if your host hasn't thought this stuff through, this is a perfect opportunity for you to give them a call,” so you can find out exactly what to bring. Other ideas are to only bring in homemade items or gifts under $10. Participants will bring in “something that was given to them that's not their taste, but that somebody else might like,” as opposed to a new gift, says Smith. Some people prefer to hold the gift exchange in January, after the holiday season, to help get rid of unwanted presents. Keep in mind that there can be variations to these rules depending on the group you’re playing with. If they steal, it ends when someone else finally declines to steal a gift. If they decide to keep their original gift, the game is over. Once everyone has a gift, the first person gets the opportunity to steal a present from someone else. To keep things moving, only three steals are allowed per gift. During each subsequent person’s turn, they have the option to pick a wrapped gift or “steal” one from someone else. Whoever selected “1” gets to pick a gift first, unwrapping it in front of everyone so all can see what’s inside. At the start of the exchange, each person draws a number out of a hat to determine in what order people will choose their gifts. Everyone gets together and brings in a wrapped gift to place in the gift pool. When you’re asked to participate in a white elephant exchange, here’s what you can typically expect. Questions You Might Ask What are the rules for a white elephant gift exchange? Here, the best white elephant gift ideas to spark some friendly competition at your next gift exchange. “There are certain general things that can make for really fun gifts.” “There some things that you can't go wrong with in general: beeswax candle sticks, pretty stationery, a box of chocolates, lottery tickets, a small bottle of rum if it's the right crowd to give alcohol to,” says Smith. Smith, etiquette expert and author at Mannersmith, for more advice on how to choose the perfect white elephant gift. To give you some ideas, we spent hours researching and compiling a variety of fun and clever gifts. While you might be tempted to go with a gag gift, it’s always better to spend money on something useful. Finding a white elephant gift can be tricky since you have to find an item that appeals to a range of personalities and stays within a typically small budget. White elephant gift exchanges are a fun and exciting way to spread some joy, whether for a special event or during the holidays-especially when your friends, family members, or colleagues are battling it out for one or two standout gifts. Gift Card Flat Rate Envelope (10 x 7) is large enough to suit. Purchase Priority Mail postage and shipping labels at a Post Office or online. It costs 5.00 when purchased at and 5.75 when purchased at the Post Office. The changes, which the Postal Service proposed in October and November, were approved by the Postal Regulatory Commission late last year.Ī 2021 price change kit and other information is available on the Retail and Post Office Operations Blue page. Tracking and insurance are included, shipping boxes and envelopes are free, and with Priority Mail Flat Rate, you don't need to weigh shipments 70 lbs and under. The changes will raise overall Priority Mail service prices approximately 3.5 percent and overall Priority Mail Express service prices 1.2 percent, while Mailing Services product prices will rise approximately 1.7 percent. Priority Mail padded flat-rate envelope: $8.40 (current), $8.55 (new).You can order free co-branded eBay-USPS Priority Mail boxes here. Similarly, Priority Mail boxes can only be used with Priority Mail shipping service. In that case, you will have to use a Priority Mail Flat Rate box or envelope. Priority Mail legal flat-rate envelope: $8.05 (current), $8.25 (new) For instance, you might decide to use one of the USPS Priority Mail Flat Rate shipping options.Priority Mail regular flat-rate envelope: $7.75 (current), $7.95 (new) FeatureShipping Speeds, UPSWithin Five Days, Within Three Business Days, Second Day and Next-Day, FedE圎xpress Services only (no ground), USPSPriority Mail 1-3.Army/Air Post Office and Fleet Post Office large flat-rate box: $19.60 (current), $20.40 (new).Priority Mail large flat-rate box: $21.10 (current), $21.90 (new).Priority Mail medium flat-rate box: $15.05 (current), $15.50 (new).Priority Mail small flat-rate box: $8.30 (current), $8.45 (new).Outside Dimensions : 9 12 x 15 Post Office Rate : 9.25 Stamps. Priority Mail Express Flat Rate: 26.35 26.50, 26.95, regardless of weight, if matter fits into designated USPS flat-rate envelopes. First-Class Mail Flats (1 ounce): $1 (no change from current price) Priority Mail Flat Rate Options: Legal Flat Rate Envelope Maximum Weight : up to 70 lbs.First-Class Mail letters (1 ounce): 55 cents (no change from current price) Regular Flat-Rate Envelopes, Legal Flat-Rate Envelopes, and Padded Flat-Rate Envelopes would increase to 8.95, 9.25, and 9.65 respectively.First-Class Mail domestic postcard stamps: 35 cents (current), 36 cents (new).First-Class Mail letters (metered 1 ounce): 50 cents (current), 51 cents (new).First-Class Mail letters (additional ounces): 15 cents (current), 20 cents (new).Here are the current and new retail prices: Priority Mail® Forever Prepaid Flat Rate Padded Envelope. Several Postal Service price changes will take effect Sunday, Jan. Custom Mail, Cards, & Envelopes Postage Prices Mail & Shipping Services Priority Mail Express Priority Mail USPS Ground Advantage First-Class Mail. Priority Mail Padded Flat Rate Envelope (Commercial Rate), 8.80 Priority Mail Small Flat Rate Box (Commercial Rate), 8.55 How to Save Money on Certified. Lynell Alexander, a retail associate at Pocoshock Creek Branch in Richmond, VA, serves a customer last fall. Cube then announces he’s leaving the group. Cube asks to show the contract to a lawyer, but Heller insists lawyers just muck everything up. If he signs, he’ll also receive a $75,000 check. In the film: Not long after Cube sees Eazy and Heller brunching on lobster and champagne, Heller calls him into a hotel room and presents him with a contract. It wasn’t a good day when Ice Cube left NWA And if you think every black kid is a gang member, that means there’s a war on every black kid you see.” If you think every black kid is a gang member, that means there’s a war on every black kid you see Ice Cube Cube leaves NWA But when he was off of that little stint, when I brought the idea back up, he was down to do it.” What inspired you to write the song? “We were sick of being harassed by the police, just because we was young and black. The truth according to Ice Cube : “He didn’t want that song out while he had to go back and forth in the county. In fact, owing to traffic infractions, in early 1988 Dre was confined to jail on weekends, allowed out only during the week, to work. But Cube had the concept for Fuck tha Police long before Dre was on board, despite Dre’s own frustrations with law enforcement. “‘On your knees, hands behind your neck,’ one officer said, approaching Yella … with a bit more energy, the other cop began barking orders at Eazy and Dre. In reality: In his memoir Ruthless, Jerry Heller describes a scene similar to the one outside the recording studio, called Audio Achievements. Soon afterward Cube writes some lyrics, Dre gives his approval, and they quickly begin recording Fuck tha Police. They put the guys on the ground, until Jerry Heller intervenes, threatening to call the mayor. In the film: Taking a break from recording one day at their Torrance studio, NWA steps outside, when a pair of cops – one white and one black – begin harassing them for no reason. How did it really go down? Photograph: Jaimie Trueblood/AP Dre’s effete costumes, meanwhile, were reserved for his first group World Class Wreckin’ Cru, who are entirely absent from the film. Cube did perform Gangsta Gangsta, but otherwise mostly did naughty parodies of popular tracks, like turning Salt N Peppa’s I’ll Take Your Man into I’ll Fuck Your Friend. “I would tell him that with this crowd you’d better get up and rock, because if you didn’t, they’d throw these full cups at your ass,” Dre told Rolling Stone. In reality: The show actually happened at erstwhile Compton skating ring Skateland, whose kiddie pleasures were indeed belied by the overwhelming presence of Bloods. Eazy and MC Ren observe the proceedings as well, a pair of Crips in a crowd of mostly Bloods. But they quickly warm to the performers as Cube raps Gangsta Gangsta. Dre’s already a regular there – DJing in a puffy, lavender jacket – and warns Cube that the crowd will be tough. In the film: Cube and Dre’s first show together takes place at a cramped local club called Dooto’s. The episodic feel isn't helped by the rambling, pointless dialogue associated with the children it tries to have a mysticism that nothing else in the film has worked to deserve however it could be helped by developing Max better. It is unconvincing and, although I accept that the entire film is fantasy, you gotta wonder where all the excesses and such came from and how we were supposed to buy into it hell, a fuel blockade by lorry drivers brought the UK to its knees a few years ago but yet we're suppose to believe this? The apocalyptic here lacks imagination and just feels like the sort of thing that exists in an art director's mind rather than something that convinces. In terms of the narrative that connects this all, don't worry about that because it doesn't really work and just feels very episodic throughout making it messy and uninteresting. The plot swings between an excessive violent society at the start, to a child colony in the middle to a big noisy chase scene right at the end. Sadly I believe he is mistaken because I think the reason people dislike this film is because it is messy, excessive, unconvincing (even within the apocalyptic situation it makes no sense) and just isn't really any good. At least one reviewer on this site has said that the reason people dislike this film is because it is about the start of a new world whereas the other two Mad Max films were about the end of the world as we know it. Max accepts, although he rightly suspects that he will be the next to be betrayed. In exchange for his goods, Aunty offers Max a deal where he will challenge Blaster to a fight in the town's duelling arena and kill him thus removing the muscle and putting Master under Aunty's control. Bartertown may be ruled above ground by Aunty Entity but the real owner is Master Blaster a team of two men who control the power supply. When he is attacked and robbed of his animals, Max Rockatansky follows his attackers to Bartertown a den of deceit and violence that is made possible thanks to the methane power source from pigs kept underground. The final chase scene, though, is worth watching, even if it is a case of revisiting past glories. So, the final result: a hit and miss effort, soon forgotten. I was also delighted by the casting of veteran dwarf actor Angelo Rossitto who bags something of a swan song performance late on in his career. I found Tina Turner to be pretty insipid as the would-be villainess, although I was happy to see Bruce Spence returning as the helicopter pilot, albeit he plays a different character this time around. There's no sense of his desperation or his primal nature here, he's just a stock hero character. Gibson's character is underwritten in this one, so that he barely speaks and seems like a void at the centre of the film. They actually reminded me of the Ewoks in RETURN OF THE JEDI. The colony of feral children are mostly irritating, with too many attempts to make them 'cute'. The action scenes, of which there are only really two – the 'gladiator combat' scene in the Thunderdome, and the final chase – are exquisite, as good as that which has come before, and very entertaining. Much of the blame must lie on the troubled production: the producer died causing George Miller to back out and only direct the action sequences while another hand took over the character and dialogue moments. It seems like a tired repeat of the last movie, with an unwelcome American presence in the likes of Tina Turner and more Hollywood ideals. The heart and soul of the story is missing from this one. I didn't get that, but this is definitely the weakest MAD MAX film of the series. When I saw MAD MAX BEYOND THUNDERDOME was showing on TV again, I decided to bite the bullet and sit down and watch it, fearing the worst. And the presence of Tina Turner seemed a definite distraction. I wasn't impressed by the scenes I saw: it seemed cheesier and sillier than what had come before, more child friendly. For some reason, I'd never got around to watching this, the third in the series, although I had seen snippets of it on TV. In fact, MAD MAX 2 is one of my favourite films ever, finishing with that massive, sprawling chase sequence that's still inspiring filmmakers today (Neil Marshall's DOOMSDAY, anyone?). They're the epitome of Australian cult filmmaking on a budget: filled with uniquely Aussie humour, outlandish characters and plenty of action. By blow molding your own PET bottles, you will also be protected from supplier availability and price increases.ĭiana Adams: I’m sure there are probably other advantages to bringing the blow molding process in-house that stretch beyond just the cost savings. Preforms also take a lot less space to store, which is another advantage. That’s not to mention the typical ratio from bottles to preforms for a 52-foot trailer is 10 to 1. Since over 70% of the bottle cost is tied to the raw materials used to create the bottle, this is a substantial savings. By bringing the process in-house, bottlers are able to produce thinner (lighter weight) bottles since the bottles won’t have to be made to withstand the stress caused during supplier shipping. It also allows the bottler to have more control over their supply chain. By blow molding PET bottles in-house instead of buying empty bottles from a supplier, manufacturers save money across the board which affects production costs, availability, flexibility, freight, shipping and more. I understand it’s a trickle-down effect that touches almost every aspect of the manufacturing process. We keep their best interest at the forefront of every decision, which brings a lot of value in terms of cost savings.ĭiana Adams: Before we get into the specifics of this process, let’s talk about that cost savings. We aren’t loyal to any equipment manufacturer. That’s one reason we’ve been able to achieve such amazing results for our clients. That almost always results in higher costs. The problem is, many bottlers depend on their OEMs toĮngineer their production lines. The true savings and ROI happens when over 25 components are integrated into a well-designed system. It’s not as simple as buying a blow molder and turning it on. I’m sure there are a lot of details and specifics that go into this cost savings. Reducing a bottler’s cost-per-case by 25% seems like a big number. This typically leads to an average annual savings of nearly $2 million per line.ĭiana Adams: Hi Holly. She will explain how blow molding your own PET bottles can reduce your cost-per-case by 25%. Over the past 30 years, InterTech has helped hundreds of plants implement direct-to-fill projects (inline blow molding). InterTech is one of the most trusted integration experts in the industry. Holly has worked in business development at InterTech for almost a decade. I had the opportunity to interview InterTech’s Holly Fisher about this increasing trend. These days, many of those same bottlersĪre now blow molding their own PET bottles. InĪs recently as 2008, most bottlers were purchasing empty bottles from a The beverage industry has changed over the past decade.
For example, Cohen’s kappa coefficient (Cohen 1960) is commonly used to quantify the extent to which two raters agree on a nominal (unordered) scale (De Raadt et al. For categorical ratings, kappa coefficients are commonly used. A sufficient level of agreement ensures interchangeability of the ratings and consensus in decisions (Warrens 2015).Īssessing reliability is of concern for both categorical as well as interval rating instruments. Requirements for obtaining reliable ratings are, e.g., clear definitions of the categories and the use of clear scoring criteria. The agreement between the ratings can then be used as an indication of the reliability of the classifications by the raters (McHugh 2012 Shiloach et al. To study whether ratings are reliable, a standard procedure is to ask two raters to judge independently the same group of units. Examples are teachers that rate assignments completed by pupils to assess their proficiency, neurologists that rate the severity of patients’ symptoms to determine the stage of Alzheimer’s disease, psychologists that classify patients’ mental health problems, and biologists that examine features of animals in order to find similarities between them, which enables the classification of newly discovered species. In various fields of science, it is frequently required that units (persons, individuals, objects) are rated on a scale by human observers. Moreover, the four correlation coefficients and quadratically weighted kappa tend to measure agreement in a similar way: their values are very highly correlated for the data in this study. Hence, for the data in this study, it does not really matter which of these five coefficients is used. In addition, using quadratically weighted kappa, we reached a similar conclusion as with any correlation coefficient a great number of times. Moreover, for the data in this study, the same conclusion about inter-rater reliability was reached in virtually all cases with the four correlation coefficients. Furthermore, using simulated and empirical data, it is shown that differences between all reliability coefficients tend to increase if agreement between the raters increases. Differences between the three coefficients are generally small if differences between rater means and variances are small. Using analytical methods, it is shown that differences between quadratic kappa and the Pearson and intraclass correlations increase if agreement becomes larger. We studied to what extent we reach the same conclusions about inter-rater reliability with different coefficients, and to what extent the coefficients measure agreement in a similar way, using analytic methods, and simulated and empirical data. A second aim is to find out whether the choice of the coefficient matters. The primary goal is to provide a thorough understanding of these coefficients such that the applied researcher can make a sensible choice for ordinal rating scales. In this study, we compare seven reliability coefficients for ordinal rating scales: the kappa coefficients included are Cohen’s kappa, linearly weighted kappa, and quadratically weighted kappa the correlation coefficients included are intraclass correlation ICC(3,1), Pearson’s correlation, Spearman’s rho, and Kendall’s tau-b. Both types of coefficients can be used to assess the reliability of ordinal rating scales. Kappa coefficients are commonly used for quantifying reliability on a categorical scale, whereas correlation coefficients are commonly applied to assess reliability on an interval scale. If you have a PayPal debit card, you can use it to make a Western Union transfer online or in person. Once the money has been transferred to your bank account, you can then use it to send a Western Union transfer. To do this, you will need to have a bank account linked to your PayPal account.Įnter the amount of money you want to withdraw and select your bank account as the destination. This is the most common way to send money from PayPal to Western Union. Once your Western Union prepaid debit card is linked to your PayPal account, you can use it to make a Western Union transfer online or in person in the same way as you would use a PayPal debit card. Select "Credit or debit card" and enter your Western Union prepaid debit card information. To link your Western Union prepaid debit card to your PayPal account: If you have a WU prepaid debit card, you can link it to your PayPal account and use it to make a Western Union transfer online or in person. While PayPal and WU do not allow you to directly link your accounts, there are a few ways to you can send money from PayPal to Western Union. PayPal is a digital wallet that allows you to send and receive money online, while Western Union is a traditional money transfer service that allows you to send and receive money in person or online.Ĭlick Here to Withdraw Money From PayPal Using Western Union How to send money from PayPal to Western Union PayPal and Western Union are two of the most popular money transfer services in the world. Transfer and share your files and photos across different devices over the LAN with 1 click.
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